[tel-00831642] Étude de la coalescence et du mûrissement dans les mousses liquides : des expériences modèles à différentes échelles

Liquid foams are widely used in industry and in everyday life. However, their stability is not fully understood or fully controlled, their formulation being essentially empirical. It is therefore difficult to predict the ability of a surfactant solution to generate foam and to control their destabilization. This thesis proposes simple experiments that rely on the multi-scale nature of foams in order to attempt to establish clear links between physical chemistry and stability.First of all, we revisited an experiment of liquid films entrainment to illustrate the stability of foam films during generation or rearrangement (T1 process). We have shown the existence of two regimes: (i) a unconfined regime, for which the stability of films is reduced and depends on physical chemistry and (ii) a confined regime for which the role of physical chemistry stability is limited and is mainly controlled by hydrodynamics.Secondly, we investigated the influence of physical chemical and liquid fraction on the competition between coalescence and coarsening thanks to the study of a single layer of bubbles (2D foam). We propose a method for in situ measurement of the permeability of films by simple and fast study of the transient regime of coarsening in 2D foam. We observed a correlation between diffusion coefficient of gas and permeability.Finally we describe the results of a space experiment on wet foam aging at large times (volume liquid fraction higher than 30%), extremely difficult on Earth because of gravity drainage, and to which we participated.



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