[hal-00916333] Pneumopathie induite par l'hydroxyurée. [Hydroxyurea-induced pneumonia].

Introduction: Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite widely used in the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases. Usual side effects are mainly hematological, gastrointestinal, neurological disorders and induced-fevers. More rarely, hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis are reported. Case report: We report a case of a patient treated for polycythemia vera. She was admitted 20 days after introduction of hydroxyurea for a high fever, productive cough and clear sputum associated with nausea. Chest CT-scan found diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities. The microbiological investigations were negative. Symptoms disappeared few days after discontinuation of treatment. Its reintroduction led to recurrence of symptoms. Conclusion: This additional case completes the 15 cases of hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis described in the literature. Two forms of this disease seem to exist: an acute form with fever occurring in the month following introduction of hydroxyurea; and a chronic form without fever. Even if it is uncommon, pulmonologists should be aware of this complication.

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