[hal-01078077] Utilisation de la méthodologie d'Analyse du cycle de vie ACV pour le choix des matériaux d'un élément de construction

Life cycle assessment is actually used to quantify the environmental footprint of products This approach can be applied to industrial processes or services due to the advantage that it offers the possibility to integrate in the modeling all the parameters related to their entire lifecycle The present study is dedicated to the presentation of a methodology allowing to realise a comparative life cycle assessment of several materials used to build exterior walls The main objective is to compare several materials necessary to its construction in order to use their environmental footprint as main choice criterion The comparison is done by studying several constitutive elements of the wall each component having a distinctive function eg thermal or acoustic insulation fire resistance This facilitates beside the decisions taking in optimizing the materials flows their life duration or the durability of such a structure Are considered in the study the components classically presented in an exterior wall the external cladding the water resistant membrane and sheating the framing main structure the insulation the vapor barrier and the interior finishing The obtained results show on one part which are the more impacting materials and on the other side which is the lifecycle step having a major contribution on these impacts It is then easy to observe that the impacts diminution in the end of life can increase them during the manufacturing stepActuellement l'analyse du cycle de vie ACV est un outil largement employé pour quantifier les conséquences environnementales des produits Cette méthodologie s'applique aux procédés industriels et aux services grâce à la possibilité d'intégrer la majorité des paramètres intervenant sur l'ensemble des étapes de leur cycle de vie La présente étude est dédiée à la présentation d'une méthodologie permettant de mener à bien une analyse comparative des divers matériaux entrant dans la composition d'un élément de construction de type mur extérieur Le but est de comparer différents matériaux nécessaires à la construction du mur pour utiliser comme critère de choix leur empreinte environnementale Cette comparaison est faite sur les différents éléments constitutifs du mur dont chacun a une fonction distincte ex isolation thermique ou acoustique résistance au feu etc Ceci peut faciliter outre la prise de décisions en termes de choix de matériaux de construction l'optimisation des flux de matières de leur durée de vie ainsi que la durabilité d'une telle structure On considère dans l'étude les éléments classiquement présents dans un mur extérieur le bardage le pare-pluie et la structure l'ossature l'isolation le pare-vapeur et la finition intérieure Les résultats obtenus montrent d'une part quels sont les matériaux les plus impactants et d'autre part quelle est l'étape de leur cycle de vie majoritairement contributrice sur ces impacts On peut ainsi observer que la diminution des impacts en fin de vie peut engendrer leur augmentation au niveau de la fabrication Mots clefs analyse du cycle de vie ACV éco-conception développement durable matériaux de construction Abstract Life cycle assessment is actually used to quantify the environmental footprint of products This approach can be applied to industrial processes or services due to the advantage that it offers the possibility to integrate in the modeling all the parameters related to their entire lifecycle The present study is dedicated to the presentation of a methodology allowing to realise a comparative life cycle assessment of several materials used to build exterior walls The main objective is to compare several materials necessary to its construction in order to use their environmental footprint as main choice criterion The comparison is done by studying several constitutive elements of the wall each component having a distinctive function eg thermal or acoustic insulation fire resistance This facilitates beside the decisions taking in optimizing the materials flows their life duration or the durability of such a structure Are considered in the study the components classically presented in an exterior wall the external cladding the water resistant membrane and sheating the framing main structure the insulation the vapor barrier and the interior finishing The obtained results show on one part which are the more impacting materials and on the other side which is the lifecycle step having a major contribution on these impacts It is then easy to observe that the impacts diminution in the end of life can increase them during the manufacturing step



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